Biophysical resource
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Work with biophysical data in forestry sector
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Item VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION PRACTICES TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS AT GUBA LAFTO WOREDA, AMHARA NATIONAL REGION STATE, ETHIOPIA(2025-11-19) TSEGAYE TEMESGENclimate change is a real environment and development threat that need global concern. Ethiopia is dependent on rain fed agriculture, it becomes one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Agriculture is key livelihood in Guba Lafto woreda farmer, whose major source of livelihood is annual crops for mainly consumption and perennial crops is chiefly for market. This livelihoods are mostly suffering from drought and erratic rain fall during 'Belg' and 'Meher' seasons. However, farmers 'vulnerability and adaptation practices to climate change have not been seriously recognized nor empirically studied in Guba Lafto woreda. This study examines farmers vulnerability and adaptation practice to climate change in the context of sustainable livelihood. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a systematic random sample of 120 farmer households in three agro ecological zones namely, Laye Alawuha, Weyiney and Bekelomankiya in lowlands, midlands and highlands respectively. In addition to questioner, the study was used FGD with 30 farmers purposefully selected, IS with 15 farmers, 13 experts, 3 governmental leader, one NGO and one agricultural research institutes are deliberately selected and field observation. A modified form of sustainable livelihoods framework is deployed as analytical tool to determine vulnerability context, livelihood assets, institutions enabling or hindering adaptation and all data analyze through SPSS. The study shows climate change related problems such as drought, frequent occurrences of frost and snowfall. In addition to these climate change, socio economic related problems are farmer poor in wealth status, less land held, absences of employment opportunity and low agricultural technological capability. However, 60 (50%) of the respondents indicated on their well off (wealthy) as better well off from last 5 years ago to 2009 E.C comparison due to increasing agricultural output prices, land rent from other farmer, off farm activity employment and outside support from their relatives. Thus, the study identified the most vulnerable groups are theXVI poor, youth specially female and children and farmer with low agricultural technology and input capability and also their livelihoods depends only annual crop. The farmers also took a number of measures to adapt to climate change within their capacity. These adaptation practices includes changing crop variety, irrigation, crop diversification, soil and water conservation, reducing number of livestock, shifting planting date and off farm activity. The main barrier for adaptation to climate change is lack of knowledge, information, inputs, finance, labor and credits. They need government support overcome the constraints in which they face in using adaptation practices to climate change so that the sustainable livelihoods can be ensured.Item THE EFFECT OF FREE GRAZING ON FORAGE QUALITY AND INVITRO METHANE EMISSION IN CHANGING CLIMATE OF CATTLE IN CHANGING CLIMATE, THE CASE OF SULULTA DISTRICT, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA(FKMC, 2025-11-19) GEMECHU BEKELE KITILIn the central Ethiopian highlands, the success or failure of livestock production was determined by livestock-environment interaction impacts which are mainly associated with overgrazing and land degradation (Endale, 2015). However, the differences of in vitro methane emission from free grazing and area closure is not studded & well documented. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the effect of free grazing on forage quality and in vitro methane emission to fill this gap in sululta district. The research followed mixed approach collecting data both primary (HH survey, FGD, KII and biomass survey) data, secondary data and 30 year RF and temperature data form metrological agency The data obtained from field survey of 139 HH respondents, 30 year RF and Temp data from meteorological agency and 90 sample biomass measurements collected from three kebeles (NMA, WL and WG). The data analysis employed survey data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS 21 version, metrological data analyzed in time serious using Minitab 17 version, farming system characterized using importance index and methane emission determined through laboratory at end of 24 incubation in which 1N Na (OH) 2 was added to the substrate of each syringes. Result showed, the mean annual rainfall of the study area was 1038.9mm and showed a decreasing trend with (1.251mm/year) with coefficient variation CV 29.48%. The mean minimum temperature of the study areas was 12.40C & showed an increasing trend by 0.14970C/decades. The farming system of the study area was characterized by mixed livestock-crop production system. Livestock feed balance of the study area was showed -36,000.45 ton deficit. The chemical analysis of animal feed was made according to Menke and Steingass as described by Abdulrazak and Fujihara, 2000 methods of analysis. The chemical composition of grass form area closure result was showed, OM 79.4%, CP 13.99%, ME 9.5Mj/kg DM, GP 42.78% and OMD 78.9 and DM 89.4%, Ash 15.3%, NDF61.73%, ADF29.38 %, ADL 2.98, and CH4 9.61%. The chemical composition of grass from free grazing result was showed OM 72.92%, CP 8.04%, ME 6.95 mg/kg DM, GP 37.56% and OMD 69.32 and DM 96.97%, Ash 19.15%, NDF78.51%, ADF45.33%, ADL7.79%, CH4 15.4%. This indicated that potential of methane production, higher in free grazing due to low forage quality caused by overgrazing/land degradation. To alleviate feed shortage different development options such as climate-smart technology such as development of improved forages with the use of irrigation and rain fed, Destocking to decrease the number of livestock down to the carrying capacity of the land, to control land degradation due to overgrazing and regional government give a value equal to community-based water shade management strategy.Collection